(بيروفاليرون) Pyrovalerone is a synthetic stimulant belonging to the cathinone and phenethylamine chemical classes. It acts primarily as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which leads to increased alertness, energy, and reduced fatigue.
Originally developed in the 1960s, Pyrovalerone was briefly used in medicine for the treatment of chronic fatigue and lethargy, as well as to suppress appetite. However, it was later withdrawn from general therapeutic use due to its high potential for abuse, dependence, and adverse psychiatric effects such as anxiety, insomnia, and psychosis.
Chemical class: synthetic cathinone / phenethylamine derivative
Pharmacological action: CNS stimulant (dopamine–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)
Common effects: euphoria, increased wakefulness, hyperactivity, loss of appetite, anxiety
Toxicity / Risks: psychological dependence, cardiovascular strain, insomnia, hallucinations
Therapeutic status: No approved medical use in most countries – controlled under Schedule II or equivalent psychotropic regulations (including Egyptian Law 182/1960).
